Assignment of Work Base Learning Essay Example for Free

Task of Work Base Learning Essay 1. Presentation. This task is to assess my job in the activity Im right now doing and upto what degree its been useful in my self-improvement. As I m as of now working in dismay sending industry (Shipping), I have picked this activity to complete my task of work base learning. It would be simpler for me to pick this activity to complete my instructive task as opposed to going chipping in work elsewhere. This will likewise influence my participation in current work place. 1.1 Company Profile- Reisa Freight Ltd. is a U.K. based organization occupied with import and fare exercises. As an organization we gracefully our administrations to purchasers, exporters and shippers for their universal transportation needs. Reisa cargo Ltd. goes about as a center man/operator working universally with specialists in a few nations. We handles trade from shippers or producers distribution center to purchasers stockroom not end clients. 1.2 Job Profile- The primary reason for my job is to arrange with clients, get ready important docs and coordination with back office or tasks for smooth action. This activity job requires effectiveness, precision and fulfillment in given time span. My activity is likewise engaged with coordination with aircrafts to guarantee pre-booked space for forthcoming load during the week. This keeps away from a minute ago issue. In short this work required a strong arranging and in-time execution. Additionally it requires understanding People at Work, including understanding others interests, inspirations and capability. To put it plainly, Developing and checking on associations with others (administrator, partners, colleagues, clients and providers and so on) including concurring separate jobs, duties, rights and desires booking freight space on transport, plane, train, or some other type of merchandise/payload transportation, course arranging, different documentation, send out pressing, protection, distribution center, assortment and conveyance transfer. 2. Primary Body- During my seven months of residency I have figured out how to increase fundamental abilities and what I required most. There are sure aptitudes which I have to improve and some others I have accomplished while working with Reisa cargo Ltd. I have talked about all these in following passages. 2.1 Skills that need a few turns of events. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Communication- Significant obstacle with me here the language. Being English as my second language I discover it as greatest obstacle to improve my correspondence expertise. There is significantly greater advancement since I began yet there is still part more to do to bring it upto a level where it is worthy as elevated requirement. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Decision-production I locate my self awkward while settling on significant choice which requires my independency. I have just gone through 7 months altogether as working individual. I would need to have more understanding of work to pick up my certain about dynamic. Some training in learning ability would help me which Im wanting to allow in the wake of completing my graduation. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Leadership- Being an un-experienced in past and all out 7 months of work experience I see significantly more to do with authority ability. Administration abilities require work understanding and a standard of instruction which I will increase after my examinations. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Analyzing- Being another representative in the field I see an absence of investigating aptitude to examine the circumstance and plan things as needs be. This makes me to be relied upon my seniors and old representatives. I for one imagine this would be created while the time went through with work and investing my amounts of energy to design it from the earliest starting point and executing it upto the end. In my activity profile I have been offered opportunity to investigate every shipment from the earliest starting point and go about as vital and in like manner. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Problem Solving- Because of the absence of dynamic, it legitimately influences my critical thinking aptitudes. As another worker I havent been offered opportunity to settle on choices of my own which will be given to me after a particular time went through with in the organization. Presently in light of the fact that I can't settle on choices I should depend on my seniors to give me guidelines in these kinds of circumstance which will prompt critical thinking legitimately from leaders at above post not me. 2.2 Skills scored most elevated with. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Planning- My activity profile requires a pre-arranged movement which is a base of administration responsibility to clients. First w learn in this business is to design things and afterward execute. The arranging doesnt give a hundred percent guarantee of wanted outcomes yet it prompts an approach to execute right thing and an opportune time. I for one feel that my activity obligations made me all around ok to manage arranging expertise. Its adding a bonus regularly to my expertise. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Monitoring- When the arranging has been made and executed second step comes to screen it on every single step. A break anyplace in the arranging chain may bomb the entire task. The motivation behind my observing is to deal with task and correct issues when and any place they come up. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Reviewing- Auditing the work ordinary gives me productivity and capability in my work. A gifted investigating gives a thought what should be finished. During the work I have discovered that assessing all our every day deeds gives us experience and likely results of following day and future. This likewise shows the exhibition improvement. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Prioritizing- As a specialist I figured out how to needs my work. Its a method of putting in a request of needs what requirements doing and when. This can be accomplished by Setting objectivise and objectives. Its a significant part of dynamic. In my work needs has significance as we should settle on choices rely upon the circumstances. For models in a circumstance where purchaser needs the entirety of his request with a few providers in once, however because of issue with space portion we may need to settle on own choice at some point to needs to specific requests or shipments. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Reporting- My activity profile is to fill in as an official. I have duties and direct answering to my seniors. I have to report all my everyday exercises that its justifiable and most significant is satisfactory. A satisfactory standard of work has been increased through the work understanding. à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½ Motivating- Inspiration is need in each achievement. De-inspiration will prompt disappointment in the activity and work task. I have discovered that how to challenge my negative considerations. It encourages me to acknowledge prospects of my future. 3. Checking my self-level accomplished. Introduction Skills Competent Speaker-ready to converse with little gatherings of my companions yet a little apprehensively. Composed Skills-Good Creative-ready to utilize correlation, model, likenesses, representations, jargon and different devices. Authoritative/Planning Skills-Limited-can design and arrange my own opportunity to accomplish targets. Group working Skills-Good-Able to function admirably in a group of individuals and to play out various group jobs. 4. End There is Overall execution fulfillment inside the association and as perceived by senior level. Seven months of residency inside the firm was spent similarly as a student. This helped me to increase a great deal. Yet at the same time there is far to go and unmistakably more to accomplish what I thought previously. There is parcel more certainty required while taking the important choices. An awkward circumstance consistently prompts lose either enormous or little. At present Im working with the assistance of other experienced staff which likewise de spurs me to take my own drive. Be that as it may, in closer future I trust in duties with an autonomous job. That will clearly assist me with gaining improved aptitudes and objectives. For at some point I have had a free thought of the objectives I might want to accomplish in the short to medium term. Since I have set my self a cutoff time Im sure and guaranteed to accomplish that. Anyway I might want to improve my self-assurance increment my inspiration to accomplish the most out of my work. I might want to dispense with the demeanor that keeps me down and cause bothers to it lastly despondency. I might want to expand my pride and fulfillment in my accomplishments favorable circumstances of objective settings. I might want to expand my fearlessness from the present level and perform better in every aspect of my works.

Internet Cafes Essay Example for Free

Web Cafes Essay Inside a couple of months China will surpass America as the nation with the universes biggest number of web clients. In any event, when you factor in (incorporate s/t as an applicable component when settling on a choice) Chinas size and its amazing pace of GDP development, this will be a noteworthy accomplishment for what stays a poor economy. For as far back as three years China has additionally been the universes biggest exporter of data and correspondences innovation (ICT). It as of now has a similar number of cell phone clients (500m) as the entire of Europe. China is in no way, shape or form the main developing economy where new innovation is by and large energetically grasped. In frantic (quick and fiery) Mumbai, everybody is by all accounts chattering (talk quickly and energetically) relentless on their cell phones: as per Indias telecoms controller, half of every single urban tenant have versatile or fixed-phone memberships and the number is developing by 8m per month. The India of web cafã ©s and web head honchos delivers more building graduates than America, makes programming for dashing vehicles and stream motors and is one of the main four pharmaceutical makers on the planet. In an alternate sign of mechanical advancement, the countrys biggest private undertaking, Tata, as of late divulged the â€Å"one lakh car†; valued at what might be compared to $2,500, it is the universes least expensive. In the mean time, in Africa, individuals who live in mud hovels utilize cell phones to follow through on bills or to check fish costs and locate the best market for their catch. However this image of developing business sector technarcadia (perfect techno heaven) is gave a false representation of (neglect to give a genuine idea) by equal records of wretchedness and ineptitude. A year ago ants ate the hard drive of a picture taker in Thailand. A week ago web utilization from Cairo to Kolkata was upset after somethingâ€probably an earthquakeâ€sliced through two undersea links. PCs have spread gradually in most developing economies: seventy five percent of low-salary nations have less than 15 PCs for every 1,000 peopleâ€and a significant number of those PCs are gathering dust (1). Also, the feting (festivity) of noticeable innovation extends in rising economies is now and again untimely. Nicholas Negroponte, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has for quite some time been supporting a $100 PC, with most exhibition at the World Economic Forum in Davos two years prior. The PC should move through poor nations, spreading information and network all around (2). Be that as it may, the task is delayed, the PC doesn't work appropriately and one noticeable benefactor, Intel, aâ chipmaker, has pulled out. So how well are rising economies utilizing new innovation, truly? Until now, decisions have must be founded to a great extent on stories. Presently the World Bank has enhanced the preview proof with increasingly thorough measures.

Not Utopia

Not Utopia Minimalism will not solve all our problems. Unfortunately, we often believe that the goal of simple living is to own as few things as possibleâ€"to declutter our homes, organize our lives, and clear our minds. Once we do this, well each find our own private utopia and bask in the glory of our newfound happiness, right? Not exactly. Real life doesnt work this way. Minimalism is not the end game.  Chucking material possessions does not necessarily equate to happiness. You could get rid of all your stuff and still be miserable. Removing the excess will, however, help you discover what does in fact bring you joyâ€"experiences, people, passionsâ€"because its much easier to find the path once the debris is cleared. Simplifying may never usher you to your utopia. Even the simple life has its moments of tedium and drudgery and sadness and pain. But letting go can lead to a better life, one thats worth more than any shiny object. You can start small, but its worth getting started today. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Descriptive Essay - Original Song Of My Life - 1322 Words

Feet dragging through a magically soft and grainy mixture, ankles experiencing the rush of a gentle ebb and flow, fingers weaving through the delicate yet power-bearing wind, it was a beautiful sensation that fit the cleanliness of the crisp air. A gentle swish of the wind whispers across my skin, contrasting harshly with the grating sound of barking in the distance that ground beneath the edges of my jaw. Large, white, noisy birds made sounds that rather resembled cackling. Children’s laughter flooded the air along with those of their parents. The sun shone lightly down upon the earth, but the dark clouds on the horizon and the chill in the breeze told me it wouldn’t remain sunny. A crashing and a special roaring breathed life and is†¦show more content†¦The water became infused with my blood and my stomach sank: who knows what was out here. The lake was absolutely huge and terribly deep. The sunlight had completely vanished by leaving the sky full of dark c louds: at least that’s what it looked like, with me now drowning and all. I stretch my arms above, reaching for the fading light streaming through with a strong desire. Cool strength engulfing me completely. It withholds me from the strength of the wind and the sun. A persistent, but rather dull roaring pulsed in my ears. My hair glides, following my movements, but moreso those of the cool strength. The muscles in my thighs tense as I strain to reach the light. All around tiny slippery figures dart over and momentarily press against my body: as if they are inquiring my presence, as if they know I do not belong. My fingertips are so close, they strain to reach the top and feel the breeze. My feet push against the water strenuously in a desperate attempt to help me escape from this dark constrictive prison. Nothing worked though; my lungs burned with a fire and my head stung immensely, I couldn’t escape. Instantaneously and out of nowhere a mysterious projectile slammed into the water and shattered the deceptively calm surface as it hurtled past me. My upwards striving limbs immediately retracted and I curled in on myself. Then it hit me; the projectile had been a bullet. I was being shot at! I hadn’t thought that his loathing for me had turned thisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Desert Rose Essay examples1206 Words   |  5 PagesFor my analysis essay, I chose the song Desert Rose written and performed by Sting. Cheb Mami also wrote and performed the Arabic part of the song. The genre of the song is pop and â€Å"Desert Rose† was released in 1999 but it was well known around 2000 due to its music video which was used in a Jaguar auto mobile commercial. I chose this song because Sting and Cheb Mami speak of longing and desire which is what every human being feels at some point in their lives. 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The repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, and/or echo the sense of the passage. Allusion – A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, placeRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesHistory and Class Consciousness Preface THE collection and publication of these essays in book form is not intended to give them a greater importance as a whole than would be due to each individually. For the most part they are attempts, arising out of actual work for the party, to clarify the theoretical problems of the revolutionary movement in the mind ,of the author and his readers. The exceptions to this are the two essays Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat and Towards a Methodology

How I Should Spend Your Life - 981 Words

The most inevitable truth in this life is that time never stops and soon I will be just another box in the ground. This is in no way cynical or dark, it is simply the cold, hard truth about life, of which I have accepted with peace. Henceforth, as I am growing older, I am starting to make observations of time and how important it is in my everyday life. I have learned that time is going by faster and faster with every passing night. This has made me take in to consideration how I should be spending the time I have left. I have spent 2,688 hours trying to improve myself as a writer since the beginning of the semester. That is the amount of time that has gone by since I realized how much writing truly meant to me. I decided to start doing†¦show more content†¦In my entire life, I have never learned so many new things and opened up my perspective on the world as I know it. Being able to watch a story unravel within a culture unknown to me was inspiring and created an uprising o f ideas inside my head. Everything from the Lakota characteristics to the love shared between two cultures with very different views. It caused me to think about aspects of my life in a brand new way. This caused the writing experiences to be much simpler when putting them on a page. Thinking in new ways caused me to write in new ways, which helped my growth as a writer more than I thought it would. On the other hand, this semester had its fair share of bad experiences as well. My least successful experience of the semester was the eight page paper written on mental health in America. This paper was meant to exude understanding and compassion while still being informational. However, after reading it a few more times, it sounded quite boring and very emotionless. Despite the use of a personal interview, the paper was merely informational. I wanted my voice to stand up for those people who struggle with mental illness. I wanted it to be different from just a research paper. I wanted the reader to know me through my empathy. Nonetheless, it was none of those things and if I could go back and change the tone of the essay, I would Thinking and writing are directly correlated with one another. For me, the

In-Work Benefits and the Nordic Model Free Essays

Abstract Welfare bene†¦ts in the Nordic countries are often tied to employment. We argue that this is one of the factors behind the success of the Nordic model, where a comprehensive welfare state is associated with high employment. In a general equilibrium setting, the underlining mechanism works through wage moderation and job creation. We will write a custom essay sample on In-Work Benefits and the Nordic Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bene†¦ts make it more important to hold a job, thus lower wages will be accepted, and more jobs created. Moreover, we show that the incentive to acquire higher education improves, further boosting employment in the long run. These positive e ¤ects help counteracting the negative impact of taxation. JEL codes: H24, J21, J24 Keywords: Nordic model, in-work bene†¦ts, wage adjustment, unemployment, education, skill formation, earnings 1 Introduction A prominent feature of the so-called Nordic model is a comprehensive welfare state †¦nanced by taxes on labor. In fact, the public sector in many We want to thank Torben Andersen, Martin Floden, Richard Freeman, Mathias Herzing, Eddie Lazear, Ethienne Lehman, Bruno van Linden, and participants at the Conference on the Economics of the Nordic Model. y Department of Economics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Ph. +46 8 163547. Fax +46 8 161425, E-mail address: ann-so†¦e. kolm@ne. su. se z Economics Division, University of Southampton, UK; Economics Department, UniCredit Universities Fellow, Central European University, Budapest; and IZA, Bonn. Email address: m. tonin@soton. ac. uk 1 of the Nordic countries is responsible for the distribution and allocation of resources amounting to more than half of their country’ GDP (Eurostat, s 2012). With an emphasis on redistributional transfers and service provision †¦nanced by taxes on labor, a concern with the model is, of course, that it induces weak incentives to work. In a more long term perspective, such a system may also reduce incentives to acquire skills, with a negative impact on future pproduactivity and labor market outcomes. However, external observers are often surprised that the Nordic countries manage to combine low unemployment and high labor force participation with high taxes and generous welfare arrangements. So, how is this possible? One answer to this question is that many of the welfare arrangements in the Nordic countries are closely tied to market work. The generosity of the bene†¦ts are, in general, related to earnings. In addition, eligibility to a number of bene†¦ts and social services is conditional on employment. Subsidized childcare, for example, is, in principle, only available to employed workers. Also, some generous elements of the paid paren’tal leave schemes are only accessible to employed workers. In addition, the more recently introduced earned income tax credit is by de†¦nition exclusively targeted to employed workers. The idea is that these bene†¦ts, by increasing the returns from working, increase the supply of labor. The observation that the Nordic countries have sustained high economic aactivity because bene†¦ts are closely tied to market work is not new. In fact this was noted as a contributing factor to the high participation rate observed in Sweden when a group of NBER economists studied the Swedish welfare state in the mid 1990s (see Freeman et al. , 1997). This was also an important message in the discussion on the prospects and challenges of the Scandinavian model in Andersen (2008). The starting point for this paper is that entitlement to many of the bene†¦ts available in the Nordic countries is conditional on employment. As discussed above, this tends to increase the gains from working, which encourages labor supply. However, we argue that this is not the end of the story. To investigate the full impact of welfare state arrangements of this type, one needs to account for the general equilibrium e ¤ects. This is particularly relevant because many bene†¦ts have been available to the whole population for a long period of time. Clearly, to investigate the e ¤ects of these bene†¦ts on employment, which is an equilibrium outcome, both supply-side and demand-side factors must be iincluded in the analysis. Moreover, beside considering the equilibrium outcome for the existing workforce, it is important to account 2 or the impact of these bene†¦ts on incentives to acquire skills. The equilibrium composition of the workforce in terms of educational attainment is a crucial variable for the sustainability of the Nordic model, both in terms of its growth potential and international competitiveness (Andersen, 2008) and in terms of the political support for the welfare state (Hassler et al. , 2003). To carry out such an analysis, we develop a simple model of a non-clearing labor market featuring involuntary unemployment as an equilibrium outcome. Labor force participation is also endogenously determined. Moreover, individuals di ¤er in their ability to acquire education and choose educational attainments based on a cost-bene†¦t analysis. In particular, we focus on the choice between proceeding to higher, i. e. tertiary, education or not. The aim is to investigate the implications of bene†¦ts that are conditional on work on unemployment and labor force participation, accounting for their long term impact on educational attainments. We show that bene†¦ts available only to employed workers moderate wages, reduce unemployment rates, and increase labor force participation and employment. Moreover, one could expect that welfare bene†¦ts, even if conditional on work, could induce an outright reduction in education as they represent an important subsidy for low skilled workers. What we †¦nd instead is that the incentives to proceed to higher education are actually strengthened. This is a consequence of the relatively sthronger increase in labor market opportunities for highly educated workers that follow when wages are moderated. Wages, in turn, fall because workers are more willing to accept lower wages when bene†¦ts are conditional on work and thus the value of having a job is higher. Lower wages increase job creation and lower the unemployment rate. Thus, total employment increases for three sets of reasons. First, the bene†¦ts reduce the unemployment rate for workers at all educational levels. Second, more workers choose to proceed to higher education where expected unemployment spells are shorter. Third, as labor force participation increases with the bene†¦ts, a larger share of the population will be employed. We also look at the impact of bene†¦ts when they are †¦nanced through a proportional tax on wages. Taxation actually reinforces wage moderation and, as such, does not overrule that bene†¦ts reduce wages, increase job creation, and reduce unemployment rates. However, it weakens the incentives to acquire higher education and participate in the labor force, thus inducing a counteracting e ¤ect on educational attainment and labor force participation. The element of the Nordic model that this paper underlines is the wage moderation stemming from bene†¦ts conditional on work. Also, we †¦nd this 3 mechanism to be very robust to the choice of model. Moreover, looking at bene†¦ts through this channel highlights how they have a positive impact on educational attainment and participation, thus counteracting, at least partly, the negative e ¤ect that taxation has on skill acquisition and labor force participation. The analytical results are followed up with a numerical example illustrating the e ¤ects of the bene†¦ts on labor market performance and educational attainment. The simulations indicate that bene†¦ts can have an important impact on unemployment for both low- and high- skilled. Without distortinary taxation, bene†¦ts also have a positive impact on skill acquisition, thus further reducing overall unemployment in the long run. When †¦nancing through proportional taxation on wages is iincluded in the model, the negative e ¤ect of taxation on educational attainment dominates the positive e ¤ect of bene†¦ts, thus resulting in a decrease in the share of the workforce acquiring tertiary education. Nonetheless, bene†¦ts still have a positive overall impact on unemployment. Considering the previous literature, there are a number of studies that have tried to explain why the Nordic countries have performed so well despite high taxes and generous welfare arrangements. As mentioned, some of these studies have emphasized the importance of that bene†¦ts are tied to market work for the successful outcome in terms of employment and participation (see Aronsson and Walker, 1997). A related view is provided by Rogerson (2007). He argues that the governments’spending pattern in the Scandinavian countries, compared to other high tax countries, can potentially explain the large number of aggregate work hours observed in these countries. He shows, holding tax rates constant, that it matters if the revenue is spent on disability payments which may only be received when an individual does not work or subsidies for day care for working mothers. The reason is that childcare subsidies create jobs. Our study also †¦nds that how the government choose to spend tax revenues matters for labor market performance, although for a di ¤erent reason. In contrast to Rogerson (2007), our results materialize through general equilibrium e ¤ects working through wage moderation. There is also a large number of studies focusing on particular features of the welfare state in the Nordic countries, looking for instance at the impact of childcare subsidies and paid paren’tal leave schemes on labor supply and a number of other outcome variables. 1 In contrast to our study, this literature How to cite In-Work Benefits and the Nordic Model, Papers

In-Work Benefits and the Nordic Model Free Essays

Abstract Welfare bene†¦ts in the Nordic countries are often tied to employment. We argue that this is one of the factors behind the success of the Nordic model, where a comprehensive welfare state is associated with high employment. In a general equilibrium setting, the underlining mechanism works through wage moderation and job creation. We will write a custom essay sample on In-Work Benefits and the Nordic Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bene†¦ts make it more important to hold a job, thus lower wages will be accepted, and more jobs created. Moreover, we show that the incentive to acquire higher education improves, further boosting employment in the long run. These positive e ¤ects help counteracting the negative impact of taxation. JEL codes: H24, J21, J24 Keywords: Nordic model, in-work bene†¦ts, wage adjustment, unemployment, education, skill formation, earnings 1 Introduction A prominent feature of the so-called Nordic model is a comprehensive welfare state †¦nanced by taxes on labor. In fact, the public sector in many We want to thank Torben Andersen, Martin Floden, Richard Freeman, Mathias Herzing, Eddie Lazear, Ethienne Lehman, Bruno van Linden, and participants at the Conference on the Economics of the Nordic Model. y Department of Economics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Ph. +46 8 163547. Fax +46 8 161425, E-mail address: ann-so†¦e. kolm@ne. su. se z Economics Division, University of Southampton, UK; Economics Department, UniCredit Universities Fellow, Central European University, Budapest; and IZA, Bonn. Email address: m. tonin@soton. ac. uk 1 of the Nordic countries is responsible for the distribution and allocation of resources amounting to more than half of their country’ GDP (Eurostat, s 2012). With an emphasis on redistributional transfers and service provision †¦nanced by taxes on labor, a concern with the model is, of course, that it induces weak incentives to work. In a more long term perspective, such a system may also reduce incentives to acquire skills, with a negative impact on future pproduactivity and labor market outcomes. However, external observers are often surprised that the Nordic countries manage to combine low unemployment and high labor force participation with high taxes and generous welfare arrangements. So, how is this possible? One answer to this question is that many of the welfare arrangements in the Nordic countries are closely tied to market work. The generosity of the bene†¦ts are, in general, related to earnings. In addition, eligibility to a number of bene†¦ts and social services is conditional on employment. Subsidized childcare, for example, is, in principle, only available to employed workers. Also, some generous elements of the paid paren’tal leave schemes are only accessible to employed workers. In addition, the more recently introduced earned income tax credit is by de†¦nition exclusively targeted to employed workers. The idea is that these bene†¦ts, by increasing the returns from working, increase the supply of labor. The observation that the Nordic countries have sustained high economic aactivity because bene†¦ts are closely tied to market work is not new. In fact this was noted as a contributing factor to the high participation rate observed in Sweden when a group of NBER economists studied the Swedish welfare state in the mid 1990s (see Freeman et al. , 1997). This was also an important message in the discussion on the prospects and challenges of the Scandinavian model in Andersen (2008). The starting point for this paper is that entitlement to many of the bene†¦ts available in the Nordic countries is conditional on employment. As discussed above, this tends to increase the gains from working, which encourages labor supply. However, we argue that this is not the end of the story. To investigate the full impact of welfare state arrangements of this type, one needs to account for the general equilibrium e ¤ects. This is particularly relevant because many bene†¦ts have been available to the whole population for a long period of time. Clearly, to investigate the e ¤ects of these bene†¦ts on employment, which is an equilibrium outcome, both supply-side and demand-side factors must be iincluded in the analysis. Moreover, beside considering the equilibrium outcome for the existing workforce, it is important to account 2 or the impact of these bene†¦ts on incentives to acquire skills. The equilibrium composition of the workforce in terms of educational attainment is a crucial variable for the sustainability of the Nordic model, both in terms of its growth potential and international competitiveness (Andersen, 2008) and in terms of the political support for the welfare state (Hassler et al. , 2003). To carry out such an analysis, we develop a simple model of a non-clearing labor market featuring involuntary unemployment as an equilibrium outcome. Labor force participation is also endogenously determined. Moreover, individuals di ¤er in their ability to acquire education and choose educational attainments based on a cost-bene†¦t analysis. In particular, we focus on the choice between proceeding to higher, i. e. tertiary, education or not. The aim is to investigate the implications of bene†¦ts that are conditional on work on unemployment and labor force participation, accounting for their long term impact on educational attainments. We show that bene†¦ts available only to employed workers moderate wages, reduce unemployment rates, and increase labor force participation and employment. Moreover, one could expect that welfare bene†¦ts, even if conditional on work, could induce an outright reduction in education as they represent an important subsidy for low skilled workers. What we †¦nd instead is that the incentives to proceed to higher education are actually strengthened. This is a consequence of the relatively sthronger increase in labor market opportunities for highly educated workers that follow when wages are moderated. Wages, in turn, fall because workers are more willing to accept lower wages when bene†¦ts are conditional on work and thus the value of having a job is higher. Lower wages increase job creation and lower the unemployment rate. Thus, total employment increases for three sets of reasons. First, the bene†¦ts reduce the unemployment rate for workers at all educational levels. Second, more workers choose to proceed to higher education where expected unemployment spells are shorter. Third, as labor force participation increases with the bene†¦ts, a larger share of the population will be employed. We also look at the impact of bene†¦ts when they are †¦nanced through a proportional tax on wages. Taxation actually reinforces wage moderation and, as such, does not overrule that bene†¦ts reduce wages, increase job creation, and reduce unemployment rates. However, it weakens the incentives to acquire higher education and participate in the labor force, thus inducing a counteracting e ¤ect on educational attainment and labor force participation. The element of the Nordic model that this paper underlines is the wage moderation stemming from bene†¦ts conditional on work. Also, we †¦nd this 3 mechanism to be very robust to the choice of model. Moreover, looking at bene†¦ts through this channel highlights how they have a positive impact on educational attainment and participation, thus counteracting, at least partly, the negative e ¤ect that taxation has on skill acquisition and labor force participation. The analytical results are followed up with a numerical example illustrating the e ¤ects of the bene†¦ts on labor market performance and educational attainment. The simulations indicate that bene†¦ts can have an important impact on unemployment for both low- and high- skilled. Without distortinary taxation, bene†¦ts also have a positive impact on skill acquisition, thus further reducing overall unemployment in the long run. When †¦nancing through proportional taxation on wages is iincluded in the model, the negative e ¤ect of taxation on educational attainment dominates the positive e ¤ect of bene†¦ts, thus resulting in a decrease in the share of the workforce acquiring tertiary education. Nonetheless, bene†¦ts still have a positive overall impact on unemployment. Considering the previous literature, there are a number of studies that have tried to explain why the Nordic countries have performed so well despite high taxes and generous welfare arrangements. As mentioned, some of these studies have emphasized the importance of that bene†¦ts are tied to market work for the successful outcome in terms of employment and participation (see Aronsson and Walker, 1997). A related view is provided by Rogerson (2007). He argues that the governments’spending pattern in the Scandinavian countries, compared to other high tax countries, can potentially explain the large number of aggregate work hours observed in these countries. He shows, holding tax rates constant, that it matters if the revenue is spent on disability payments which may only be received when an individual does not work or subsidies for day care for working mothers. The reason is that childcare subsidies create jobs. Our study also †¦nds that how the government choose to spend tax revenues matters for labor market performance, although for a di ¤erent reason. In contrast to Rogerson (2007), our results materialize through general equilibrium e ¤ects working through wage moderation. There is also a large number of studies focusing on particular features of the welfare state in the Nordic countries, looking for instance at the impact of childcare subsidies and paid paren’tal leave schemes on labor supply and a number of other outcome variables. 1 In contrast to our study, this literature How to cite In-Work Benefits and the Nordic Model, Papers